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''Suillus bovinus'', also known as the Jersey cow mushroom or bovine bolete, is a pored mushroom of the genus ''Suillus'' in the family Suillaceae. A common fungus native to Europe and Asia, it has been introduced to North America and Australia. It was initially described as ''Boletus bovinus'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, and given its current binomial name by Henri François Anne de Roussel in 1806. It is an edible mushroom, though not highly regarded. The fungus grows in coniferous forests in its native range, and pine plantations in countries where it has become naturalised. It forms symbiotic ectomycorrhizal associations with living trees by enveloping the tree's underground roots with sheaths of fungal tissue, and is sometimes parasitised by the related mushroom ''Gomphidius roseus''. ''Suillus bovinus'' produces spore-bearing fruit bodies, often in large numbers, above ground. The mushroom has a convex grey-yellow or ochre cap reaching up to in diameter, which flattens with age. Like other boletes, it has tubes extending downward from the underside of the cap, rather than gills; spores escape at maturity through the tube openings, or pores. The pore surface is yellow. The stipe, more slender than those of other ''Suillus'' boletes, lacks a ring. ==Taxonomy and naming== ''Suillus bovinus'' was one of the many species first described in 1753 by the "father of taxonomy" Carl Linnaeus, who, in the second volume of his ''Species Plantarum'', gave it the name ''Boletus bovinus''.〔 The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word ''bos'', meaning "cattle".〔 The fungus was reclassified in (and became the type species of) the genus ''Suillus'' by French naturalist Henri François Anne de Roussel in 1796.〔 ''Suillus'' is an ancient term for fungi, and is derived from the word "swine".〔 Lucien Quélet classified it as ''Viscipellis bovina'' in 1886.〔 In works published before 1987, the species was written fully as ''Suillus bovinus'' (L.:Fr.) Kuntze, as the description by Linnaeus had been name sanctioned in 1821 by the "father of mycology", Swedish naturalist Elias Magnus Fries. The starting date for all the mycota had been set by general agreement as 1 January 1821, the date of Fries's work. Furthermore, as Roussel's description of ''Suillus'' predated this as well, the authority for the genus was assigned to Otto Kuntze. The 1987 edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature changed the rules on the starting date and primary work for names of fungi, and names can now be considered valid as far back as 1 May 1753, the date of publication of Linnaeus's work.〔 Common names include Jersey cow mushroom, bovine bolete,〔 and euro cow bolete.〔 One proposed origin for the scientific name is that medieval knights—who revered ''Tricholoma equestre''—considered this mushroom fit only for cattle-drovers as it was not highly valued.〔 A limited genetic sampling of species in a 1996 study by Annette Kretzer and colleagues showed ''Suillus bovinus'' was related to a lineage that diverged to ''S. punctipes'', ''S. variegatus'' and ''S. tomentosus''.〔 A 2001 study found it was not closely related to other European species, and that all populations tested were more closer to each other than any other and hence it was a cohesive species.〔 Czech mycologist Josef Šutara circumscribed the genus ''Mariaella'' in 1987, assigning ''Mariaella bovina'' as the type species.〔 ''Mariaella'' contained ''Suillus'' species in section ''Fungosi''. Molecular studies do not support the existence of ''Mariaella'', and so it is considered synonymous with ''Suillus''.〔 Older synonyms for ''S. bovinus'' include those resulting from generic transfers to ''Agaricus'' by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1783, and the now-obsolete ''Ixocomus'' by Lucien Quélet in 1888.〔 In 1951, Arthur Anselm Pearson described the variety '' Boletus bovinus'' var. ''viridocaerulescens'',〔 which was later transferred to ''Suillus'' by Rolf Singer in 1961.〔 This variant, collected in Western Cape Province, South Africa, differs from the main form by the staining reaction of the cap flesh, which turns dark or light greenish-blue upon injury.〔 Index Fungorum does not, however, recognise the variety as having independent taxonomic significance.〔 Chemical analysis of pigments and chromogens showed that ''Suillus'' was more closely related to ''Gomphidius'' and ''Rhizopogon'' than to other boletes, and hence ''Suillus bovinus'' and its allies were transferred from the Boletaceae to the newly circumscribed family Suillaceae in 1997.〔 Molecular studies have reinforced how distantly related these fungi are from ''Boletus edulis'' and its allies.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suillus bovinus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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